Turpentine is a natural resin-based product that is primarily obtained from pine trees. The process of extracting turpentine involves the following steps:

1. Tree Tapping: Certain species of pine trees are selected for turpentine production. Tapping the tree involves cutting a V-shaped notch on the tree trunk, usually near the base. This allows the sap to flow out of the tree.
   
2. Collection: Containers, such as metal or clay cups, are attached to the tree below the notch. The sap, known as oleoresin, gradually flows out of the tree and collects in these containers. The process of collecting sap usually takes several weeks.
   
3. Distillation: Once a sufficient amount of oleoresin has been collected, it is ready to be distilled. The oleoresin is typically heated in a still, which is a large container or vessel. The heat causes the volatile compounds in the resin, including turpentine oil, to vaporize.
   
4. Separation: The vaporized compounds, including turpentine oil and other volatile substances, rise up through the still. As they cool, they condense and are collected in a condenser. The condensed liquid is then separated into two components: turpentine oil and rosin.
   
5. Further Processing: The collected turpentine oil can go through further refining processes to remove impurities and increase its purity. This may involve filtration or additional distillation or in the case of industrial turpentine (not recommended for any application that requires a pure natural product free of chemicals), chemicals can be added. The resulting turpentine oil is a clear, colorless liquid with a characteristic pine-like odor.

It’s important to note that the specific methods and techniques used in turpentine production may vary slightly. Additionally, there are synthetic alternatives to turpentine, known as mineral spirits or white spirits, that are also available in the market. These synthetic solvents are petroleum-based and while they serve similar purposes to turpentine, it is strongly advised that they be avoided for any unique application or anytime you are looking for the purest highest quality turpentine available.